EC
1412
MySQLerrortransactionshigh confidence

Table definition has changed, please retry transaction

Production Risk

Medium — transaction is aborted; application must retry.

What this means

The definition of a table involved in the current transaction was changed by a DDL operation on another connection, invalidating the transaction.

Why it happens
  1. 1Another session ran ALTER TABLE or similar DDL while a transaction was open on the same table
  2. 2Online DDL operation completed mid-transaction
How to reproduce
trigger — this will error
trigger — this will error
BEGIN; SELECT * FROM t; -- concurrent ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN ...; SELECT * FROM t;

expected output

ERROR 1412 (HY000): Table definition has changed, please retry transaction

Fix 1

Retry the transaction

Why this works

The transaction must be restarted after the DDL is complete.

Fix 2

Schedule DDL during maintenance windows

Why this works

Avoids mid-transaction DDL conflicts in production.

What not to do

✕

Sources
Official documentation ↗

MySQL 8.0 — 1412 ER_TABLE_DEF_CHANGED

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