EC
22023
PostgreSQLERRORNotableData ExceptionHIGH confidence

invalid parameter value

What this means

SQLSTATE 22023 is raised when a function or command receives a parameter value that is syntactically valid but semantically out of range or logically invalid. It is a broad code used across many built-in functions.

Why it happens
  1. 1Passing an out-of-range value to a function that imposes semantic constraints on its arguments
  2. 2Supplying a negative or zero value where only positive values are accepted
  3. 3Providing a string that does not match the expected format for a parameter
How to reproduce

Calling REPEAT with a negative count.

trigger — this will error
trigger — this will error
SELECT REPEAT('x', -1);

expected output

ERROR:  invalid parameter value for REPEAT: -1

Fix

Validate parameter values before calling the function

WHEN When parameter values come from user input or computed expressions.

Validate parameter values before calling the function
SELECT REPEAT('x', GREATEST(count_val, 0)) FROM data;

Why this works

GREATEST clamps the value to the minimum valid range, preventing 22023.

Sources
Official documentation ↗

Class 22 — Data Exception

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