EC
ErrorKind::ConnectionRefused
RustERRORCommonNetwork

Connection refused

Quick Answer

Verify the server is running and listening on the correct host:port.

What this means

The remote host actively refused the TCP connection. The server is not listening on the requested port.

Why it happens
  1. 1Server process is not running
  2. 2Wrong port number
  3. 3Firewall blocking the port

Fix

Retry with backoff

Retry with backoff
use std::net::TcpStream;
use std::time::Duration;
use std::thread;

for attempt in 1..=3 {
    match TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:8080") {
        Ok(s) => { /* use stream */ break; }
        Err(e) => { eprintln!("attempt {}: {}", attempt, e); thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)); }
    }
}

Why this works

Retrying gives a briefly-starting server time to become ready.

Code examples
Triggerrust
TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:9999")?; // nothing listening
Sources

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